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Do diabetes and obesity affect the metabolic response to exercise?
Peter Plomgaard1, Cora Weigert
1aThe Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research bDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark cDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV dInstitute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen eGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany.
Exercise is a recommended therapy for preventing type 2 diabetes. While severe metabolic issues can reduce benefits, the muscle response to exercise remains effective for treating type 2 diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Metabolic diseases
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background:
- Exercise is a key intervention for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes.
- Obesity and type 2 diabetes can influence exercise program outcomes.
- Understanding these influences is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent studies on the impact of obesity and type 2 diabetes on exercise program effectiveness.
- To discuss the metabolic and molecular responses to exercise in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.
- To evaluate the potential of exercise as a therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on exercise, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
- Analysis of metabolic and transcriptional responses to exercise in different populations.
- Comparison of skeletal muscle and hepatic responses to exercise.
Main Results:
- Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for reduced exercise benefits.
- Skeletal muscle metabolic and transcriptional responses to exercise are largely preserved in type 2 diabetes.
- Hepatic response to exercise, including hepatokine production, is impaired in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Conclusions:
- Severe metabolic dysregulation may limit exercise benefits.
- The preserved response of key metabolic regulators in skeletal muscle highlights exercise's effectiveness for type 2 diabetes treatment.
- Further research is needed to understand the consequences of impaired hepatic response to exercise.