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Host Response to Staphylococcus epidermidis Colonization and Infections
Thuan H Nguyen1, Matthew D Park1, Michael Otto1
1Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|April 6, 2017
Summary
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, are increasingly causing nosocomial infections. This review details host defenses against S. epidermidis, a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Research predominantly focuses on Staphylococcus aureus, with limited understanding of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) infections and host responses.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is a human commensal with potential health benefits but also causes opportunistic infections, notably biofilm-associated infections on medical devices.
- S. epidermidis is the leading cause of nosocomial sepsis, with rising incidence due to increased medical implants and shifts in patient demographics, complicated by antibiotic resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of host defense mechanisms against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- To explore S. epidermidis' dual role as a commensal and opportunistic pathogen.
- To discuss host responses during S. epidermidis biofilm-associated infections and sepsis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- Analysis of host-pathogen interactions in commensal and infectious states.
- Examination of defense mechanisms against biofilm formation and bloodstream dissemination.
Main Results:
- S. epidermidis presents a significant challenge as a nosocomial pathogen, causing substantial medical and economic burdens.
- Understanding host defenses against S. epidermidis is crucial for managing infections associated with indwelling devices.
- Emerging antibiotic resistance further complicates treatment strategies for S. epidermidis infections.
Conclusions:
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, especially S. epidermidis, represent a growing threat in healthcare settings.
- Further research into host-pathogen interactions is needed to combat S. epidermidis infections effectively.
- Effective strategies are required to address the increasing incidence and antibiotic resistance of S. epidermidis.