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Important malignant and new nail tumors.

Eckart Haneke1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|April 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Neoplasms of the nail apparatus, though uncommon, present unique diagnostic challenges. Early identification and local excision are crucial for treating nail tumors, often avoiding more drastic surgical interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The nail apparatus is vital for digital tip function.
  • Neoplastic lesions can arise from any tissue within the nail apparatus.
  • Nail tumors often exhibit distinct clinical and morphological features due to their location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nail-specific tumors and their diagnostic considerations.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis for potentially malignant nail lesions.
  • To highlight effective treatment strategies for nail neoplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on nail apparatus neoplasms.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and methods, including biopsy and histopathology.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for various nail tumors.

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Main Results:

  • Delayed diagnosis is common for threatening conditions like Bowen's disease, ungual squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
  • Local excision with adequate margins is often curative and preferable to amputation.
  • Specific tumors originating from the nail matrix (e.g., onychomatricoma) and nail bed (e.g., onycholemmal carcinoma) have been characterized.

Conclusions:

  • Careful examination and histopathological analysis are essential for diagnosing nail neoplasms.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical management can prevent the progression of malignant nail tumors.
  • Nail-specific tumors require tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.