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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
Published on: December 14, 2011
Keto analogues and amino acids supplementation induces a decrease of white blood cell counts and a reduction of
R C P Lima1, S R A S Camerino, T C L França
1Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism, Federal University of Alagoas. Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, CEP 57.072-970, Maceió/AL, Brazil. esprado@cedu.ufal.com.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the acute effect of keto analogue and amino acid (AA-KAAA) supplementation on both white blood cell counts and the established biomarkers of muscle damage during exercise under thermoneutral conditions. Sixteen male cyclists received a ketogenic diet for two days and were divided into two equal groups: a group taking AA-KAAA (KA) or a control group (PL). The athletes performed a two hour cycling session followed by a maximum incremental test until voluntary exhaustion (VExh). Blood samples were obtained at rest and during exercise for further hematological and biochemical analyses. Exercise-induced ammonemia increased in the PL group at VExh (75%) but remained unchanged in the KA group. Both groups exhibited a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophil counts of ∼85% (∼13 × 109 L-1), but the shape of the lymphocytes and the eosinophil counts suggest that AA-KAAA supplementation helps prevent lymphocytosis. AA-KAAA supplementation induced a decrease in creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at VExh while showing a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase at 120 min. We found that AA-KAAA supplementation decreases both the lymphocyte count response in blood and the established biomarkers of muscle damage after intense exercise under a low heat stress environment.
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