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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

Nervous system complications in uremia.

C L Fraser1, A I Arieff

  • 1Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|July 15, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Nervous system dysfunction is a major cause of disability in end-stage renal disease patients. Dialysis and uremia can cause neurological disorders like dementia and neuropathy.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Nervous system dysfunction is a significant cause of disability in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.
  • Neurological symptoms in chronic renal failure range from mild cognitive impairment to severe states like delirium and coma.
  • Dialysis itself can precipitate distinct central nervous system disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of nervous system dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease.
  • To identify the neurological complications associated with chronic renal failure and dialysis.
  • To discuss potential pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic criteria for these neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurological complications in end-stage renal disease.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations of uremic encephalopathy and dialysis-related neurological syndromes.

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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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  • Discussion of biochemical and pathological factors implicated in uremic neurotoxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Dialysis is linked to three main central nervous system disorders: dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, dialysis dementia, and progressive intellectual dysfunction.
    • Peripheral neuropathy is a common and disabling complication in uremic patients.
    • Elevated parathyroid hormone levels and increased brain calcium may contribute to neurotoxicity in renal failure.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurological dysfunction is a critical issue in end-stage renal disease management.
    • Dialysis dementia, uremic neuropathy, and dialysis disequilibrium syndrome are key neurological complications to recognize.
    • Diagnosis relies on characteristic clinical findings after excluding other causes of nervous system dysfunction.