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Biochars Reduce Mine Land Soil Bioavailable Metals.

J A Ippolito, C M Berry, D G Strawn

    Journal of Environmental Quality
    |April 6, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Local biochar from lodgepole pine and tamarisk effectively remediates mine soils by reducing heavy metal bioavailability and increasing soil pH. This sustainable approach utilizes readily available feedstocks for land reclamation.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Soil Science
    • Biogeochemistry

    Background:

    • Mine land soils are often contaminated with heavy metals, impacting ecosystem health.
    • Biochar is a potential soil amendment for remediation, but feedstock sourcing can be a challenge.
    • Utilizing local feedstocks for biochar production offers a novel and potentially cost-effective approach.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of biochar derived from local feedstocks (lodgepole pine and tamarisk) in reducing metal bioavailability in mine land soils.
    • To investigate the impact of increasing biochar application rates on soil pH and metal bioavailability.
    • To identify the soil metal pools affected by biochar amendment using sequential extraction.

    Main Methods:

    • Biochar was produced from pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine and tamarisk.

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  • Four mine land soils with varying Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination were amended with 0-15% biochar.
  • Soil pH and metal bioavailability were measured, and the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction was employed.

    • Main Results:

    • Biochar application significantly increased soil pH from 3.97 to 7.49.
    • Metal bioavailability (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) decreased by 55-100% with increasing biochar rates.
    • BCR analysis indicated shifts in metal association, with Cd linked to carbonates and Cu, Zn, and Pb to oxyhydroxide and carbonate phases.

    Conclusions:

    • Biochar produced from local lodgepole pine and tamarisk is effective in reducing heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated mine land soils.
    • The observed reduction in metal bioavailability is likely due to changes in soil pH and metal partitioning into less available soil fractions.
    • This study demonstrates the potential of using locally sourced biomass for sustainable mine land remediation.