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High-speed free-space optical continuous-variable quantum key distribution enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing.

Zhen Qu, Ivan B Djordjevic

    Optics Express
    |April 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study demonstrates a high-speed quantum key distribution system that uses multiplexing techniques to combat atmospheric turbulence. The system achieves secure key rates of 120 Mbit/s even with channel losses.

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Quantum Cryptography

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a secure communication method.
    • Atmospheric turbulence poses a significant challenge to free-space quantum communication systems.
    • Multiplexing techniques can enhance the capacity and resilience of quantum communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the performance of a high-speed CV-QKD system under simulated atmospheric turbulence.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of multiplexing strategies (wavelength, polarization, OAM) in mitigating turbulence effects.
    • To demonstrate secure key generation rates in a realistic, albeit emulated, turbulent channel.

    Main Methods:

    • A four-state CV-QKD system was designed incorporating wavelength-division, polarization, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Atmospheric turbulence was emulated using two spatial light modulators (SLMs) with random phase patterns.
  • A phase noise cancellation (PNC) stage was implemented for noise mitigation and transmittance monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • An ideal system (lossless channel, no excess noise) achieved a secure key rate (SKR) exceeding 1.68 Gbit/s.
    • In experimental conditions with emulated turbulence, minimum transmittances of 0.21 and 0.29 were required for OAM states 2 and 6, respectively.
    • A total SKR of 120 Mbit/s was achieved under mean transmittance conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed CV-QKD system effectively utilizes multiplexing to maintain secure key generation in the presence of atmospheric turbulence.
    • Phase noise cancellation is a viable method for mitigating turbulence-induced phase noise and monitoring channel conditions.
    • The system demonstrates practical potential for high-speed, secure free-space quantum communication.