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Cholinergic urticaria: epidemiology, physiopathology, new categorization, and management
Atsushi Fukunaga1, Ken Washio2,3, Mayumi Hatakeyama2
1Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. atsushi@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the epidemiology, physiopathology, categorization, and management of cholinergic urticaria. We specifically focused on several subtypes of cholinergic urticaria and investigated the relationship between cholinergic urticaria and idiopathic anhidrosis.
Methods:
Using an integrative approach, we reviewed publications addressing the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach, physiopathology, subtype classification, and therapeutic approach to cholinergic urticaria.
Results:
Multiple mechanisms were found to contribute to the development of cholinergic urticaria. This disorder should be classified based on the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of each subtype. Such a classification system would lead to better management of this resistant condition. In particular, sweating function should be given more attention when examining patients with cholinergic urticaria.
Conclusions:
Because cholinergic urticaria is not a homogeneous disease, its subtype classification is essential for selection of the most suitable therapeutic method.