Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The incubation period of hepatitis E genotype 1: insights from pooled analyses of travellers.

Epidemiology and infection·2018
Same author

Confirmation of specificity of reactivity in a solid phase ELISA for the detection of hepatitis E viral antigen improves utility of the assay.

Journal of virological methods·2017
Same author

Pork products associated with human infection caused by an emerging phylotype of hepatitis E virus in England and Wales.

Epidemiology and infection·2017
Same author

No evidence of transfusion transmission of Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in paediatric recipients post-bone marrow transplant.

Vox sanguinis·2015
Same author

The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Vaccine·2013
Same author

The rise and fall of XMRV.

Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
10:25

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

Hepatitis E: the current state of play.

M J Ankcorn1,2, R S Tedder1,2

  • 1Blood Borne Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK.

Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England)
|April 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis globally. Genotype 3 HEV is a growing concern in the UK, often from undercooked pork, and can persist in immunocompromised individuals.

More Related Videos

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
10:25

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant global cause of acute hepatitis.
  • HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are human pathogens causing epidemics via fecal-oral transmission.
  • HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, primarily porcine, transmitted through foodborne routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of HEV, particularly genotype 3, in developed countries like the UK.
  • To discuss the transmission routes, including foodborne zoonosis and potential transfusion transmission.
  • To address the implications of persistent HEV infection in immunosuppressed individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on HEV prevalence in the UK.
  • Analysis of transmission pathways, including consumption of undercooked meat.
  • Examination of HEV persistence and complications in immunocompromised patients.

Main Results:

  • Genotype 3 HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the UK, with rising case numbers.
  • Most UK infections are acquired domestically, likely from consuming inadequately cooked pork products.
  • HEV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunosuppressed individuals.

Conclusions:

  • HEV poses a growing public health challenge in developed nations.
  • Food safety measures and awareness regarding undercooked meat consumption are crucial.
  • The risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV necessitates consideration for blood donation screening protocols.