Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs-Roots of the Biological Flow System

Area of Science:

• Origin of Life Studies
• Molecular Evolution
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The current understanding of the genetic code's origin is incomplete.
• The role of primitive nucleic acids and early metabolic pathways remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and update the proposal of (proto)transfer RNA (tRNA) dimer-directed protein synthesis as the basis for the genetic code.
• To explore the implications of this model for early metabolism and cellular evolution.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on tRNA structure and function.
• Analysis of proposed mechanisms for primitive protein synthesis.
• Integration of metabolic pathway evolution with protein synthesis origins.

Main Results:

• tRNA dimers, with paired anticodon loops, are proposed as early ribosome mimics.
• A self-stimulating production cycle is established when product peptides stabilize the synthesis system.
• The initial amino acid encoding (Glycine, Serine) aligns with the Glycine-Serine C1-assimilation pathway, linking to bioenergetics origins.

Conclusions:

• Protein synthesis, initiated by tRNA dimers, is central to the evolution of metabolic flow systems.
• Protein plasticity and diversification drive cellular system construction.
• Nucleic acids play dual roles in bioenergetics and protein synthesis memory, with protoplasmic fission preventing inhibitory protein accumulation.