Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

[Cardiovascular and renal protection of patients with type 2 diabetes : focus after EMPA-REG OUTCOME and LEADER]

A J Scheen1, L Piérard2, J-M Krzesinski3

  • 1Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques et Unité de Pharmacologie clinique, CHU Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|April 7, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Empagliflozin and liraglutide significantly reduce cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes patients. These antidiabetic drugs offer major benefits for patients with high cardiovascular risk, though mechanisms require further study.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and arterial hypertension increase cardiovascular disease and nephropathy risk.
  • Existing treatments for T2D may not fully address these comorbidities.
  • The need for effective therapies to mitigate cardiovascular and renal complications in T2D is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of empagliflozin and liraglutide against placebo in patients with T2D and high cardiovascular risk.
  • To evaluate the impact of these antidiabetic drugs on major cardiovascular events, mortality, and renal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two major clinical trials: EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitor) and LEADER (liraglutide, GLP-1 receptor agonist).
  • Inclusion of patients with T2D and established high cardiovascular risk.
  • Comparison of drug treatment arms versus placebo.

Main Results:

  • Both empagliflozin and liraglutide demonstrated significant reductions in major cardiovascular events (14% and 13% respectively).
  • Substantial decreases were observed in cardiovascular mortality (38% and 22%), all-cause mortality (32% and 15%), and renal events (39% and 22%).

Conclusions:

  • Empagliflozin and liraglutide are superior to placebo in reducing cardiovascular and renal events in high-risk T2D patients.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying these protective effects are still under investigation.
  • Further research will clarify if these benefits are molecule-specific or represent a class effect.
Keywords:
EmpagliflozinGlucagonlike peptideLiraglutideSGLT2 inhibitorType 2 diabetes1Cardiovascular risk

More Related Videos

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy05:06

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...