From tooth extraction to Gorham-Stout disease: A case report.

Area of Science:

• Medical Case Reports
• Rare Diseases
• Osteology

Background:

• Gorham-Stout disease (GSD), also known as vanishing bone disease, is an extremely rare condition of unknown cause.
• It is characterized by progressive bone loss (osteolysis) and abnormal proliferation of blood vessels (angiomatosis).

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the diagnosis of GSD in a pediatric patient presenting with an unusual complication.
• To highlight diagnostic imaging differences and discuss improved strategies for GSD management.

Main Methods:

• A 14-year-old female presented with severe hemorrhage following a deciduous tooth extraction.
• Diagnostic imaging included preoperative orthopantomography and postoperative whole-body CT and MRI scans.
• The case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing GSD.

Main Results:

• The patient, initially asymptomatic, experienced a life-threatening hemorrhage, leading to the discovery of GSD.
• Imaging revealed extensive bone loss and vascular proliferation, characteristic of multicentric GSD.
• The diagnostic process emphasized the value of comparing pre- and post-hemorrhage imaging.

Conclusions:

• GSD can manifest multicentrically, affecting various bones and soft tissues, including the maxillofacial area.
• While often symptomatic with pain and swelling, GSD can present asymptomatically.
• Early and accurate diagnosis, supported by advanced imaging, is vital for effective treatment and patient survival.