Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The RSNA Lumbar Degenerative Imaging Spine Classification (LumbarDISC) Dataset.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence·2026

Same author

Teaching AI for Radiology Applications: A Multisociety-Recommended Syllabus from the AAPM, ACR, RSNA, and SIIM.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence·2025

Same author

Generative Large Language Models Trained for Detecting Errors in Radiology Reports.

Radiology·2025

Same author

The Evolution of Radiology Image Annotation in the Era of Large Language Models.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence·2025

Same author

Machine learning-based prognostic subgrouping of glioblastoma: A multicenter study.

Neuro-oncology·2024

Same author

RSNA 2023 Abdominal Trauma AI Challenge: Review and Outcomes.

Radiology. Artificial intelligence·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Quantitative [¹⁸F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Published on: August 8, 2019

Enhancing the Radiologist-Patient Relationship through Improved Communication: A Quantitative Readability Analysis in

D R Hansberry¹, A L Donovan², A V Prabhu²

¹From the Department of Radiology (D.R.H., M.C., A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania david.hansberry@jefferson.edu.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|April 8, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patient education websites for spine imaging are too difficult for most Americans to understand. Readability scores show content is written at an 11th-grade level, far above recommended guidelines.

More Related Videos

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Web-based Tool to Support High-quality Radiotherapy in Clinics with Limited Resources

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Web-based Tool to Support High-quality Radiotherapy in Clinics with Limited Resources

Published on: October 6, 2023

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Quantitative [¹⁸F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Published on: August 8, 2019

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Web-based Tool to Support High-quality Radiotherapy in Clinics with Limited Resources

Radiation Planning Assistant - A Web-based Tool to Support High-quality Radiotherapy in Clinics with Limited Resources

Published on: October 6, 2023

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Health Literacy
Radiology

Background:

Over 75 million Americans possess inadequate health literacy skills.
Readability scores assess the understandability of patient education materials.
Assessing the readability of online patient education for spine imaging is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the readability of web content for radiologic spine imaging and interventions.
To determine if online patient education materials meet recommended readability levels.

Main Methods:

Eleven search terms related to radiologic spine imaging were used.
The top 10 links for each search term were collected (110 articles total).
Ten validated quantitative readability assessments were applied.

Main Results:

Articles were written at an average 11.3 grade level (range 7.1-16.9).
No articles met the recommended 3rd-to-7th grade reading level.
Vertebroplasty articles were significantly more complex than x-ray, CT, and MR imaging articles.

Conclusions:

Online patient education for spine imaging is largely inaccessible to the average American.
The complexity of these resources may limit patient benefit and understanding.
Readability of online health information needs improvement to align with public health literacy levels.