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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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The Other Function: Class II-Restricted Antigen Presentation by B Cells.

Lital N Adler1, Wei Jiang1, Kartik Bhamidipati2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

B cells present antigens via the MHC class II pathway to CD4+ T cells, crucial for high-affinity antibody development. This process involves antigen capture, processing, and presentation, regulated by HLA-DM and HLA-DO.

Keywords:
B cellHLA-DMHLA-DOMHC class IIantigen presentationantigen processinggerminal centerinvariant chain

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B lymphocytes (B cells) are key players in adaptive immunity, recognizing antigens via their B cell receptor (BCR).
  • Effective antibody production and T cell help rely on B cells presenting processed antigens via MHC class II (MHCII) molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the four key steps of the B cell MHCII antigen presentation pathway.
  • To summarize the regulation of MHCII/peptide complex formation and presentation.
  • To discuss the modulation of this pathway during B cell maturation and the role of HLA-DM and HLA-DO.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on B cell antigen processing and presentation.
  • Focus on the molecular events governing MHCII pathway function in B cells.

Main Results:

  • Antigen presentation by B cells involves four sequential steps: antigen capture, intersection with MHCII, MHCII/peptide complex generation, and surface presentation.
  • The generation and repertoire of MHCII/peptide complexes are tightly regulated.
  • HLA-DM and HLA-DO are critical regulators influencing the MHCII/peptide repertoire presented by B cells.

Conclusions:

  • The B cell MHCII antigen presentation pathway is a multi-step, tightly regulated process essential for adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding this pathway and its regulators is crucial for comprehending B cell function and immune responses.