Pressure Injuries in Medically Complex Children: A Review

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Nursing
• Wound Care
• Medical Complexity

Background:

• Pressure injuries pose significant challenges in medically complex pediatric care.
• Limited evidence exists, and adult data extrapolation requires caution due to pediatric-specific factors.
• Key differences include body composition, common injury sites, and medical device association in children.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the definition and current knowledge of pressure injuries in children with medical complexity.
• To consolidate information on pathophysiology, prevention, recognition, staging, and treatment tailored for pediatric patients.
• To address the specific needs and challenges in managing pressure injuries in this population.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on pediatric pressure injury research.
• Analysis of existing evidence regarding pathophysiology and risk factors in children.
• Synthesis of current guidelines and best practices for prevention and management.

Main Results:

• Defines pressure injuries within the pediatric context.
• Discusses unique pathophysiological aspects relevant to children.
• Outlines evidence-based strategies for prevention, recognition, staging, and treatment.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need for more research on pediatric pressure injuries.
• Current understanding suggests tailored approaches are necessary for prevention and management.
• This review provides a foundation for improving care for medically complex children at risk.