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Pulmonary diagnostics.

Steven M Donn1, Sunil K Sinha2

  • 1Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|April 9, 2017
PubMed
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Diagnosing respiratory distress in newborns involves a wide range of potential causes. This review outlines essential diagnostic studies, including physical exams, imaging, and specialized tests, to guide clinical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Term infants can present with diverse respiratory distress causes, including anatomical, infectious, inflammatory, genetic, metabolic, or neurological issues.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of neonatal respiratory problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of diagnostic studies for term infants with respiratory distress.
  • To recommend a stepwise diagnostic approach for clinicians.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of diagnostic modalities.
  • Inclusion of physical examination, various imaging techniques (radiography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear scanning), lung function tests, gas exchange evaluations, and anatomical studies (bronchoscopy, lung biopsy).
Keywords:
BronchoscopyChest imagingGas exchangeLung biopsyLung mechanics and functionNeonatal pulmonary diagnostics

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Main Results:

  • The article details a broad array of diagnostic tools available for evaluating neonatal respiratory distress.
  • A structured, stepwise approach to diagnosis is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic diagnostic strategy incorporating physical examination, imaging, and functional tests is essential for identifying the varied etiologies of respiratory distress in term infants.
  • The recommended stepwise approach aims to optimize diagnostic accuracy and patient care.