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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Ion channelopathies and migraine pathogenesis.

Cassie L Albury1, Shani Stuart1, Larisa M Haupt1

  • 1Genomics Research Centre, Institute for Biomedical Health and Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.

Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG
|April 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Migraine genetics involve complex neurological pathways. This review highlights the roles of HEPH and KCNK18 genes in iron and potassium homeostasis, potentially contributing to migraine development.

Keywords:
HEPHHephaestinIon channelopathiesKCNK18MigraineTRESK

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting 12-20% of adults.
  • Its complex pathogenesis involves interconnected neurological pathways.
  • Ion channels are crucial in the brain's response to triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetics of migraine.
  • To emphasize the role of specific genes in migraine etiology.
  • To explore the function of HEPH and KCNK18 in migraine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular genetic investigations.
  • Analysis of imaging and biochemical studies.
  • Focus on ion channelopathy genes.

Main Results:

  • Several ion channelopathy genes are implicated in migraine.
  • HEPH gene (iron transport) and KCNK18 gene (potassium transport) are potential contributors.
  • These genes influence neuronal response and homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors, including HEPH and KCNK18, play a significant role in migraine.
  • Understanding these genes offers insights into migraine pathogenesis.
  • Further research into ion channel function is warranted.