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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Influenza01:27

Influenza

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK
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Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

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Herpetic tracheobronchitis.

M K Sherry1, A S Klainer, M Wolff

  • 1Morristown Memorial Hospital, New Jersey.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|August 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex virus can cause severe tracheobronchitis in adults, even those without prior lung issues. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with intravenous acyclovir are crucial for successful recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Bronchospasm unresponsive to standard therapy can present diagnostic challenges.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is not typically considered a primary cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults.

Observation:

  • Nine adult patients presented with severe bronchospasm and necrotizing tracheobronchitis.
  • Diagnostic studies including bronchoscopy, cytology, histology, and virology confirmed HSV infection.
  • Most patients had no history of chronic lung disease and were not immunocompromised.

Findings:

  • Herpes simplex virus was identified as the causative agent of necrotizing and exudative tracheobronchitis.
  • All nine patients responded successfully to intravenous acyclovir treatment.
  • The study suggests herpetic tracheobronchitis may be more common than previously recognized.

Implications:

  • Herpesvirus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unresolving acute bronchospasm in elderly patients.
  • Antiviral therapy with acyclovir is effective in treating herpesvirus respiratory infections, even in immunocompetent hosts.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for successful management and reversal of clinical, virologic, and pathologic findings.