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Double-Stage Delay Multiply and Sum Beamforming Algorithm: Application to Linear-Array Photoacoustic Imaging.

Moein Mozaffarzadeh, Ali Mahloojifar, Mahdi Orooji

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |April 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new Double Stage Delay-Multiply-And-Sum (DS-DMAS) algorithm enhances photoacoustic imaging (PAI) by improving image resolution and reducing noise sensitivity. This advanced method offers superior performance over existing techniques for clearer medical imaging.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) combines ultrasound's spatial resolution with optical imaging's contrast.
    • Standard Delay-and-Sum (DAS) beamforming in PAI suffers from low resolution and off-axis signal interference.
    • Existing Delay-Multiply-And-Sum (DMAS) improves resolution but remains sensitive to noise and has limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel Double Stage Delay-Multiply-And-Sum (DS-DMAS) algorithm for PAI.
    • Enhance image resolution, suppress sidelobes, and improve noise resilience compared to DAS and DMAS.
    • Evaluate the performance of DS-DMAS numerically and experimentally.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel DS-DMAS algorithm integrating DAS algebra within the DMAS framework.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Performed numerical simulations and experimental validations of the DS-DMAS algorithm.
  • Quantitatively assessed image quality using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Full-Width-Half-Maximum (FWHM), and Contrast Ratio (CR).

    • Main Results:

    • DS-DMAS significantly improves image resolution and reduces sidelobe levels compared to DAS and DMAS.
    • The algorithm demonstrates enhanced robustness against high noise levels.
    • DS-DMAS achieved a ~15 dB reduction in lateral valley, >13% SNR improvement, and >30% FWHM enhancement over DMAS, with ~10 dB lower sidelobes.

    Conclusions:

    • DS-DMAS represents a significant advancement in PAI beamforming algorithms.
    • The proposed method offers superior image quality and noise performance for PAI applications.
    • DS-DMAS provides a promising solution for overcoming limitations of current PAI reconstruction techniques, despite a higher computational cost.