Transparent Electrophysiology Microelectrodes and Interconnects from Metal Nanomesh

Mapping biocurrents at both microsecond and single-cell resolution requires the combination of optical imaging with innovative electrophysiological sensing techniques. Here, we present transparent electrophysiology electrodes and interconnects made of gold (Au) nanomesh on flexible substrates to achieve such measurements. Compared to previously demonstrated indium tin oxide (ITO) and graphene electrodes, the ones from Au nanomesh possess superior properties including low electrical impedance, high transparency, good cell viability, and superb flexibility. Specifically, we demonstrated a 15 nm thick Au nanomesh electrode with 8.14 Ω·cm² normalized impedance, >65% average transmittance over a 300-1100 nm window, and stability up to 300 bending cycles. Systematic sheet resistance measurements, electrochemical impedance studies, optical characterization, mechanical bending tests, and cell studies highlight the capabilities of the Au nanomesh as a transparent electrophysiology electrode and interconnect material. Together, these results demonstrate applicability of using nanomesh under biological conditions and broad applications in biology and medicine.