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Binary Fission01:20

Binary Fission

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Binary Fission01:26

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Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen
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Published on: March 21, 2014

Worms and Humans: A Happy Divorce?

Hannah Akuffo1, Sven Britton1, Thomas Schön1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Forum on Immunopathological Diseases and Therapeutics
|April 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Chronic worm infections, common in low-income nations, may impact tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Adult deworming showed promise when combined with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against TB.

Keywords:
autoimmunityconfectiondeworminghelminths/wormstuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Chronic worm infections are prevalent in low-income countries, often co-occurring with tuberculosis (TB).
  • Worm infections and Mycobacterium tuberculosis elicit distinct immune responses (Th2 vs. Th1).
  • Understanding the interplay between worm infestation and TB is crucial for public health in endemic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of chronic worm infection on susceptibility to and control of TB in Ethiopia.
  • To evaluate the impact of deworming on immune responses related to TB.

Main Methods:

  • Studied immune response patterns in individuals with and without chronic worm infections.
  • Assessed the relationship between worm infestation, TB, and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination outcomes.
  • Reviewed existing literature on worm-TB co-infection.

Main Results:

  • Results regarding worm infection's impact on TB susceptibility and control were inconclusive.
  • Strong data suggests adult deworming may enhance the efficacy of BCG vaccination against TB.
  • A potential link between chronic worm infestation and altered autoimmunity/allergy was noted.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between chronic worm infection and TB requires further investigation.
  • Adult deworming may be a beneficial strategy to improve BCG vaccine effectiveness in TB-endemic areas.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the broader immunological implications of worm infestation.