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A Three-Dimensional Computational Human Head Model That Captures Live Human Brain Dynamics.

Shailesh Ganpule¹, Nitin P Daphalapurkar¹, Kaliat T Ramesh¹

¹1 Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.

Journal of Neurotrauma

|April 11, 2017

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Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), results from head rotations. Our computational models reveal injury occurs over ~100ms, particularly in white matter and gray matter toroids.

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Computational Modeling

Background:

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a severe outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Axonal stretching due to head trauma causes DAI.
Understanding the mechanics of brain deformation is crucial for TBI research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a subject-specific computational model of the human brain.
To investigate the dynamic deformations in brain substructures under rotational acceleration.
To elucidate the time scales and regions susceptible to injury during head rotations.

Main Methods:

Created an anatomically accurate, 3D computational model of the human brain using MRI data.
Incorporated white matter fiber anatomy and morphology.

Keywords:

DAI computational head model human brain deformation

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Validated the model using tagged MRI data measuring shearing motions in live human brains.

Main Results:

The study determined the brain's rotational dynamics occur on a timescale of approximately 100 milliseconds.
Simulations identified specific brain regions, including white matter, cortical gray matter, and limbic system, as highly susceptible to injury from axial head rotations.
The model accurately predicted the heterogeneous dynamic mechanical response of the brain.

Conclusions:

Rotational accelerations causing DAI likely occur over the identified 100ms timescale.
Specific toroidal regions of the brain exhibit higher susceptibility to injury during axial rotations.
Subject-specific computational models are valuable tools for understanding TBI biomechanics.