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Related Concept Videos

Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG01:26

Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG

Blood studies are critical in the medical field, enabling healthcare professionals to assess a patient's health status accurately. This page will focus on two significant blood studies: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Venous Blood Gas (VBG).
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) studies are crucial for assessing the lungs' ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, reflecting the patient's ventilation status. They also help understand the kidneys' capacity to reabsorb or...
Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...

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Testing Na+ in blood.

Sebastiano A G Lava1, Mario G Bianchetti2, Gregorio P Milani3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.

Clinical Kidney Journal
|April 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indirect potentiometry for blood sodium (Na+) testing can be inaccurate in severely ill patients. This method may lead to falsely high Na+ readings, especially when albumin levels are low.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Direct and indirect potentiometry are standard methods for blood sodium (Na+) analysis.
  • These techniques generally agree well under normal physiological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of indirect potentiometry for Na+ testing in critically ill patients.
  • To highlight potential sources of error in Na+ estimation using indirect potentiometry in specific clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of Na+ measurements obtained by direct potentiometry versus indirect potentiometry.
  • Analysis of blood specimens from severely ill patients with varying protein and lipid concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Indirect potentiometry shows significant disagreement (≥4 mmol/L) with direct potentiometry in 25% of specimens from severely ill patients.
  • Errors are often characterized by spuriously elevated Na+ levels, linked to low circulating albumin concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Indirect potentiometry exhibits poor performance in estimating blood Na+ levels in certain clinical scenarios, particularly in severely ill patients.
  • Increased clinical awareness regarding the limitations of indirect potentiometry in the presence of hypoalbuminemia is warranted.