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What sleep behaviors are associated with bruxism in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Huaqi Guo1,2,3, Tongxia Wang2,4, Xuechao Li5
1Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Dong Gang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Insights
Children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Sleep Medicine
- Childhood Bruxism Research
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background:
- Bruxism in children is a common condition with potential long-term dental and psychosocial consequences.
- Identifying modifiable risk factors, particularly sleep behaviors, is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.
- Existing literature presents varied findings on sleep-related risk factors for pediatric bruxism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze published studies assessing sleep behaviors as risk factors for bruxism in children aged 0-12 years.
- To quantify the association between specific sleep behaviors and the prevalence of childhood bruxism.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive search of seven databases identified relevant peer-reviewed articles.
- Data from 14 included studies were pooled using random-effects modeling.
- Pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values were calculated to assess risk factor associations.
Main Results:
- Snoring significantly increased bruxism risk (OR=2.86, P<0.0001).
- Restless sleep (OR=2.31, P<0.0001) and inadequate sleep time (OR=2.56, P=0.001) were strongly associated with bruxism.
- Mouth breathing (OR=1.51, P=0.029), drooling (OR=1.79, P=0.026), and stomach sleeping position (OR=1.70, P=0.003) also emerged as significant risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Specific sleep behaviors including snoring, mouth breathing, restless sleep, drooling, stomach sleeping, and insufficient sleep duration are significant risk factors for bruxism in children.
- These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep disturbances in the management and prevention of pediatric bruxism.
Purpose:
The aim of this article was to assess the sleep behaviors that serve as risk factors related to bruxism in children ages 0 to 12 years by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.
Methods:
Seven databases were searched to identify all peer-reviewed articles potentially relevant to the review. Data were pooled for random-effects modeling. Sleep risk factors related to bruxism in this age group are summarized using pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P values.
Results:
Of 5637 initially identified articles, 14 met inclusion criteria. Study qualities of all case-control studies were high. Quality of cross-sectional studies was more variable. The pooled ORs, 95% CIs, and P values were as follows: snoring (2.86, 1.85-4.42, <0.0001), mouth breathing (1.51, 1.04-2.18, 0.029), restless sleep (2.31, 1.89-2.83, <0.0001), drooling (1.79, 1.07-2.97, 0.026), stomach position during sleep (1.70, 1.0-2.39, 0.003), and inadequate sleep time (2.56, 1.48-4.43, 0.001).
Conclusions:
Snoring, mouth breathing, restless sleep, drooling, stomach position during sleep, and lack of sleep were the risk factors related to bruxism in children.