The science of stakeholder engagement in research: classification, implementation, and evaluation

Area of Science:

• Health Services Research
• Implementation Science
• Community-Based Participatory Research

Background:

• Stakeholder engagement is crucial for effective research, yet its scientific basis requires further development.
• Understanding the spectrum of engagement is essential for optimizing research processes and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a classification system for defining levels of stakeholder engagement in research.
• To identify and discuss critical elements for implementing and evaluating stakeholder engagement.
• To critique existing multilevel stakeholder engagement in a specific trial and highlight areas for improvement.

Main Methods:

• A conceptual framework is presented to classify stakeholder engagement.
• Key questions are posed for guiding the implementation and evaluation of engagement strategies.
• A critical review of a multilevel stakeholder engagement trial is conducted.

Main Results:

• A continuum for classifying stakeholder engagement in research projects is proposed.
• Essential components for successful stakeholder engagement implementation and evaluation are outlined.
• Opportunities for enhancing the science of stakeholder engagement are identified.

Conclusions:

• A robust classification system can clarify and advance the science of stakeholder engagement in research.
• Systematic evaluation of engagement strategies is necessary to maximize research impact.
• Further research is needed to refine methodologies and best practices for stakeholder engagement.