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Updated: Aug 11, 2026
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI3 Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible
Jun Xi1, Zhaoxin Wu1,2, Bo Jiao1,3
1Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Abstract:
Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are increasingly attractive because they offer lead-free alternatives in perovskite solar cells. However, depositing high-quality Sn-based perovskite films is still a challenge, particularly for low-temperature planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. Here, a "multichannel interdiffusion" protocol is demonstrated by annealing stacked layers of aqueous solution deposited formamidinium iodide (FAI)/polymer layer followed with an evaporated SnI2 layer to create uniform FASnI3 films. In this protocol, tiny FAI crystals, significantly inhibited by the introduced polymer, can offer multiple interdiffusion pathways for complete reaction with SnI2 . What is more, water, rather than traditional aprotic organic solvents, is used to dissolve the precursors. The best-performing FASnI3 PHJ solar cell assembled by this protocol exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.98%. In addition, a flexible FASnI3 -based flexible solar cell assembled on a polyethylene naphthalate-indium tin oxide flexible substrate with a PCE of 3.12% is demonstrated. This novel interdiffusion process can help to further boost the performance of lead-free Sn-based perovskites.
