Anti-Mullerian hormone as a parameter for endometrial trauma in Asherman syndrome: A retrospective data analysis

Recently, the endometrium has been identified as a repository for Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), with endometrial masses associated with AMH serum levels. We aimed to compare AMH levels, as well as other parameters for ovarian reserve, in women with endometrial trauma due to Asherman syndrome (AS) and matched controls. In a retrospective study, nine women with hysteroscopically confirmed AS were compared to nine matched controls. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol levels did not differ between women with and without AS, whereas significantly lower AMH levels were found in patients (median 0.50pg/mL; IQR 0.25-0.75) than in controls (median 1.14pg/mL; IQR 0.63-1.77; p=0.026). The results suggest that decreased AMH levels in patients with AS do not necessarily indicate decreased ovarian reserve. The study is limited by the small sample size, and, thus, future research on the role of AMH in endometrial tissue and function are necessary to clarify the importance of these findings.