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Drug therapies for chronic hepatitis C infection: a cost-effectiveness analysis
William W L Wong1, Karen M Lee1, Sumeet Singh1
1School of Pharmacy (Wong), University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ont.; Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative (THETA) (Wong, Krahn), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) (Lee, Singh), Ottawa, Ont.; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine (Lee), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (Wells), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (Feld), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Background:
Before 2011, pegylated interferon plus ribavirin was the standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Interferon-free direct-acting antiviral agents were then approved. Although these treatments appear to be more effective, they are substantially more expensive. In anticipation of the need for information regarding the comparative cost-effectiveness of new regimens in a recent therapeutic review, we conducted the analysis to inform listing decision in Canada.
Methods:
A state-transition model was developed in the form of a cost-utility analysis. Regimens included in the analysis were comprehensive. The cohort under consideration had a mean age of 50 years. The cohort was defined by treatment status and cirrhosis status. Inputs for the model were derived from published sources and validated by clinical experts.
Results:
For each genotype 1 population, at least 1 of the interferon-free agents appeared to be economically attractive compared with pegylated interferon-ribavirin, at a willingness-to-pay of $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-year. The drug that was the most cost-effective varied by population. For genotype 2-4 population, the direct-acting antiviral therapies appeared not to be economically attractive compared with pegylated interferon-ribavirin for the treatment-naive; however, there were direct-acting antiviral therapies that appeared to be attractive when compared with no treatment for the treatment-experienced.
Interpretation:
Public health policy should be informed by consideration of health benefit, social and ethical values, feasibility and cost-effectiveness. Our analysis assists the development of reimbursements and policies for interferon-free direct-acting antiviral agent regimens for chronic hepatitis C infection by informing the last criterion. Considering the rapid development of treatments for chronic hepatitis C, further update and expanded reviews will be necessary.