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Cypress Pollinosis: from Tree to Clinic
Denis Charpin1, Christian Pichot2, Jordina Belmonte3,4
1Department of Pneumonology and Allergy, APHM and Inserm U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|April 13, 2017
Summary
Cypress pollen allergies are increasing, especially in Mediterranean areas, due to longer pollination seasons and climate change. Treatments include medication and immunotherapy, with avoidance strategies also recommended.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Science
- Botany
Background:
- Cypress (Cupressaceae family) pollen is a significant allergen, particularly in Mediterranean regions.
- Global warming is extending pollination seasons and shifting cypress habitats northward.
- Multiple cypress genera contribute to a prolonged allergy season, with Italian cypress (C. sempervirens) being a major source.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the allergens, clinical impact, and management of cypress pollen allergy.
- To highlight the increasing prevalence and risk factors associated with cypress allergy.
- To discuss current and potential treatment and avoidance strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cypress allergens and allergy epidemiology.
- Analysis of pollination periods and climatic influences.
- Summary of clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Cypress pollen contains multiple allergen groups (1-4), including pectate-lyase and polygalacturonase families.
- Sensitization rates range from 9-65% in allergy outpatients, with a threefold increase in Mediterranean areas.
- Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are primary symptoms; immunotherapy shows promise.
Conclusions:
- Cypress allergy prevalence is rising, driven by environmental factors and specific allergens.
- Effective management involves pharmacological treatment, immunotherapy, and avoidance strategies.
- Further research into cross-reactive allergens and personalized treatment is warranted.