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A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

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Improving Sample Distribution Homogeneity in Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices by

Giorgio Gianini Morbioli^1,2,3, Thiago Mazzu-Nascimento^1,2, Luis Aparecido Milan⁴

¹Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Analytical Chemistry

|April 13, 2017

Summary

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This study introduces a rationally designed, wax-printed 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D-μPAD) for improved fluid dispersion and reproducible diagnostic assays. The novel design enhances homogeneous permeation in cellulose matrices, advancing inexpensive diagnostic tools.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) offer portable, user-friendly, and affordable diagnostics.
Three-dimensional microfluidic PADs (3D-μPADs) enhance sample dispersion and multiplexing capabilities.
Existing 3D-μPAD designs face challenges with homogeneous fluid permeation.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a rationally designed, wax-printed 3D-μPAD with improved fluidic properties.
To demonstrate the impact of rational channel design on assay performance.
To introduce an improved layer-stacking method for enhanced reproducibility.

Main Methods:

Rational design and wax printing of 3D-μPADs.
Utilizing glucose oxidase, peroxidase, and ABTS reactions to assess device performance.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains

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Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

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Published on: June 12, 2015

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Published on: March 9, 2017

Employing a magnetic apparatus for layer stacking and fluidic dispersion optimization.

Main Results:

The novel 3D-μPAD design achieves more homogeneous fluid permeation through the cellulose matrix.
Optimized channel designs significantly influence assay outcomes.
The magnetic layer-stacking method improves fluidic dispersion and test reproducibility.

Conclusions:

Rationally designed 3D-μPADs offer superior fluidic control and assay reproducibility.
The developed 3D-μPAD platform facilitates advancements in low-cost diagnostic devices.
Optimized printing and assembly methods pave the way for broader applications of 3D-μPADs.