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Related Experiment Videos

Mechanisms Mediating Functional Hyperemia in the Brain.

Amy R Nippert1, Kyle R Biesecker1, Eric A Newman1

  • 11 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|April 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Brain activity increases local blood flow (functional hyperemia) to supply neurons. This review explores neurovascular coupling mechanisms, focusing on controversies and proposing new signaling pathways involving glial cells and capillaries.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Neuronal activity triggers local increases in cerebral blood flow, known as functional hyperemia.
  • This process is crucial for supplying active neurons with oxygen and nutrients, maintaining brain function.
  • Neurovascular coupling, the communication between neurons and blood vessels, is essential for this response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions and mechanisms of functional hyperemia.
  • To examine the roles of different blood vessels in generating this response.
  • To address controversies regarding glial cell signaling and capillary involvement in neurovascular coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on functional hyperemia and neurovascular coupling.
Keywords:
EETsPGE2arachidonic acidastrocytecerebral blood flowfunctional hyperemianeurovascular coupling

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolites, nitric oxide, and potassium ions.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence and theoretical models related to neurovascular signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Functional hyperemia ensures adequate nutrient and oxygen supply to active brain regions.
    • Key mediators of neurovascular coupling include arachidonic acid metabolites, nitric oxide, and K+.
    • Proposed signaling pathways suggest distinct roles for astrocytes and neurons in capillary and arteriole dilation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed model integrates current knowledge and resolves discrepancies in neurovascular coupling.
    • Capillary dilation is linked to astrocyte endfeet calcium signaling and arachidonic acid metabolites.
    • Arteriole dilation involves neuronal calcium signaling, nitric oxide, and arachidonic acid metabolites.