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[Pulmonary carcinoid tumors].

H Prosch1

  • 1Medizinische Universität Wien, Univ. Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, Währingergürtel 18-22, 1090, Wien, Österreich. helmut.prosch@meduniwien.ac.at.

Der Radiologe
|April 14, 2017
PubMed
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Pulmonary carcinoid tumors, originating from the neuroendocrine system, are rare. Typical carcinoids are low-grade, while atypical ones are more aggressive, often presenting as airway nodules.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumors.
  • They are classified as typical (80%) or atypical (20%), with varying aggressiveness.
  • Most central carcinoids cause symptoms like hemoptysis and bronchial obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and presentation of pulmonary carcinoids.
  • To highlight diagnostic imaging findings on computed tomography (CT).
  • To evaluate the utility of imaging modalities and somatostatin analogs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computed tomography (CT) findings in pulmonary carcinoids.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation related to tumor location.
  • Assessment of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (FDG-PET/CT) and somatostatin analog utility.
Keywords:
Carcinoid crisisCarcinoid syndromeLung neoplasmsNeuroendocrine tumorsPulmonary nodules

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Main Results:

  • Carcinoids often appear as hypervascular nodules near airways on CT.
  • Bronchial obstruction can lead to post-obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis.
  • FDG-PET/CT has limited value for typical carcinoids due to false negatives.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary carcinoids present unique diagnostic challenges.
  • Somatostatin analogs show promise for staging and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy planning.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate imaging are crucial for patient management.