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Hospital Dissemination of tst-1-Positive Clonal Complex 5 (CC5) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Min Wang1,2, Yi Zheng2, Jose R Mediavilla3
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China.
Abstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is one of the most prevalent clinical pathogens isolated from hospital settings, and has increasingly identified in community settings. In China, the SCCmecIII-ST239 strains are disseminated in different geographic regions, accounting for >75% of all MRSA isolates in some national studies. Here we characterized 150 non-duplicate MRSA isolates collected from February 2012 to May 2013 in a tertiary hospital in Suzhou, Eastern China, to explore the molecular epidemiology. All isolates were characterized by spa typing, SCCmec typing, and detection of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1). Representative genotypes were also subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System. Molecular typing identified 11 clonal complex (CC) and 28 spa types, with the CC5-spa t002 (29.3%) and CC239-spa t037 (14.7%) being the most prevalent. SCCmec types II, III, IV, and V were identified in 33.3, 21.3, 23.3, and 21.3% of all isolates, respectively. PVL genes (lukF/S-PV) were detected in 11.3% of all isolates and from 6 CCs (5, 8, 59, 88, 239, and 398). The TSST-1 gene (tst) was detected in 18.0% of the all isolates, predominantly in CC5 (96.3%). All the tst-1-positve CC5 isolates were spa t002. Eighteen patients died within 30 days of hospitalization, and the in-hospital 30-day mortality was 12.0%. Multivariable analysis showed that 60 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 7.2, P = 0.026), cancer diagnosis (OR = 9.6, P = 0.022), and MRSA isolate carriage of tst-1 (OR = 62.5, P < 0.001) were independent factors associated with 30-day mortality. Our study revealed unique MRSA dissemination patterns in our hospital in comparison to those of other regions in China. The finding that tst-1-positive CC5 strains were associated with higher mortality highlights the need for strict infection control measures in order to prevent further spread of these strains in our hospital, as well as others.
Insights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in China show unique patterns. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) positive MRSA CC5 strains were linked to increased mortality, emphasizing infection control.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant hospital pathogen, with SCCmecIII-ST239 strains prevalent in China.
- Understanding local MRSA epidemiology is crucial for effective control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the molecular epidemiology of MRSA isolates in a tertiary hospital in Suzhou, China.
- To identify risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients.
Main Methods:
- MRSA isolates (n=150) were analyzed using spa typing, SCCmec typing, and detection of PVL and TSST-1 genes.
- Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on representative genotypes.
- Antibiotic susceptibility testing and mortality analysis were conducted.
Main Results:
- CC5-spa t002 (29.3%) and CC239-spa t037 (14.7%) were the most prevalent MRSA types.
- SCCmec types II, III, IV, and V were identified.
- TSST-1 gene was detected in 18.0% of isolates, predominantly in CC5 (96.3%).
- Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality included age ≥60, cancer, and TSST-1 carriage (OR=62.5).
Conclusions:
- Unique MRSA dissemination patterns were observed in Suzhou compared to other Chinese regions.
- TSST-1 positive CC5 MRSA strains are associated with significantly higher mortality.
- Strict infection control measures are necessary to prevent the spread of high-risk MRSA strains.