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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Nonsymmetric Interactions Trigger Collective Swings in Globally Ordered Systems.

Andrea Cavagna1,2, Irene Giardina1,2,3, Asja Jelic1,2,4

  • 1Istituto Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, UOS Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|April 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Biological systems can spontaneously change their global state due to noise. We found that asymmetric interactions and network heterogeneities amplify noise, causing collective state changes and off-equilibrium behavior in these systems.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Complex systems
  • Statistical physics
  • Collective behavior in biological systems

Background:

  • Many natural systems, like ferromagnets and bird flocks, display large-scale ordering.
  • In condensed matter, order is robust with system size, as fluctuations diminish.
  • Biological systems often exhibit instability, with spontaneous global state changes on short timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors driving instability and state changes in biological systems.
  • To explain collective state transitions and off-equilibrium dynamics in living systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of systems with nonsymmetric interaction networks.
  • Investigation of systems with local topological heterogeneities.
  • Modeling the influence of noise on collective dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified two crucial factors enhancing noise effects: nonsymmetric interactions and network heterogeneities.
  • Demonstrated how these factors lead to collective state changes on finite timescales.
  • Showed that these mechanisms result in off-equilibrium behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Nonsymmetric interactions and local heterogeneities are critical for understanding biological system instability.
  • These findings provide a framework for explaining observed phenomena in animal groups, such as bird flocks.
  • The results align with recent experimental data on collective behavior in living systems.