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Gas-Solid Phase Transition in Laser Multiple Filamentation.

D Mongin1, E Schubert1, N Berti1

  • 1Université de Genève, GAP, Chemin de Pinchat 22, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|April 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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High-intensity laser beams transition from a gas-like state to a solid-like crystal structure. This phase transition occurs due to filament interactions in transparent media.

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Laser Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Multiterawatt (TW) near-infrared laser beams propagate in transparent media, breaking into multiple filaments.
  • Filaments exhibit high peak intensities (10-100 TW/cm²) and characteristic diameters (100-200 µm).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase transition behavior of multiterawatt laser filaments in transparent media.
  • To analyze the interaction dynamics between laser filaments and their transition to ordered structures.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of laser beam propagation and filament formation in transparent media.
  • Analysis of filament clustering and spatial arrangement at varying incident beam intensities.
  • Calculation of the interaction Hamiltonian between neighboring filaments, incorporating diffraction, Kerr self-focusing, and plasma generation.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • A phase transition is observed at incident beam intensities of 0.4 TW/cm².
  • Above this threshold, filaments form solid-like two-dimensional crystals with a 2.7 mm lattice constant, independent of initial beam diameter.
  • Below the threshold, a mixed phase state exists with localized filament clusters (gas-like) and sparse, non-interacting filaments.

Conclusions:

  • The observed phenomenon mimics a thermodynamic gas-solid phase transition.
  • The effective potential governing filament interactions resembles a Morse potential, with an equilibrium bond length matching the observed lattice constant.