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Epidemiology and pathophysiology of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency?
A Tak Manesh1, G Azizi2, A Heydari3
1Member of RACGP, Melbourne, Australia.
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|April 17, 2017
Summary
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients face a higher risk of developing various cancers, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Several factors, including immune issues and genetic predispositions, contribute to this increased cancer susceptibility.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Genetics
Background:
- Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency (PID) characterized by diverse clinical manifestations.
- CVID patients exhibit a significantly higher incidence of malignancies compared to the general population, ranging from 1.5% to 20.7%.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the spectrum of malignancies observed in CVID patients.
- To explore the proposed pathological mechanisms underlying cancer development in CVID.
- To highlight the importance of monitoring and understanding cancer risks in CVID individuals.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on CVID and associated malignancies.
- Analysis of reported cancer incidence and types in CVID cohorts.
- Synthesis of proposed etiological factors for cancer development in CVID.
Main Results:
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most prevalent malignancy in CVID patients.
- Other common cancers include epithelial tumors of the stomach, breast, bladder, and cervix.
- Malignancies typically manifest between the 4th and 6th decades of life.
Conclusions:
- CVID is associated with a substantial increased risk of various cancers.
- Mechanisms include impaired genetic stability, immune dysregulation, and susceptibility to oncogenic infections.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate cancer pathogenesis in CVID.