Adult T-type lymphoblastic lymphoma: Treatment advances and prognostic indicators

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm of precursor T cells that occurs mostly in adolescents and young adults. In this review, we describe the treatment of adult T-LBL with a focus on recent advances using pediatric-inspired acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens, which have greatly improved outcome. We also discuss the development of prognostic indicators for T-LBL, especially oncogenetic factors, that can identify patients at higher risk of relapse and may help further extend T-LBL patient survival. Pediatric-inspired acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens have the potential to become the treatment of choice for adult T-LBL, and they might also reduce the need for other longstanding T-LBL interventions, particularly mediastinal irradiation and stem cell transplantation.