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Reduction in CD16/CD56 and CD16/CD3/CD56 Natural Killer Cells in Coronary Artery Disease
Nasimudeen R Jabir1, Chelapram K Firoz1, Farid Ahmed2
1a King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Reduced natural killer (NK) cells and elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). This study observed lower NK cell levels in CAD patients and various myocardial infarction types, alongside increased TNF-α in some groups.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiology
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- Natural killer (NK) cells modulate inflammatory reactions and may contribute to adverse events in coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Understanding the role of immune cells and inflammatory markers is crucial for CAD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between NK cells, T cells, B cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with CAD.
- To explore alterations in these immune parameters across different forms of myocardial infarction.
Main Methods:
- Study included 98 confirmed CAD patients and 92 healthy controls.
- Serum TNF-α levels were quantified using ELISA.
- Flow cytometry was employed to measure NK cells, T cells, B cells, and T NK cells (TNK cells).
Main Results:
- A significant 15% reduction in CD16/CD56 NK cells was observed in CAD patients compared to controls.
- Significant declines in NK cells were noted in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unstable angina (UA), and combined UA + NSTEMI.
- Elevated TNF-α levels were found in CAD, STEMI, and UA groups, while TNK cell levels were reduced in CAD, NSTEMI, STEMI, and UA.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights a significant association between reduced NK cell counts and elevated TNF-α levels with CAD.
- These findings provide insights into the role of immune cell modulation and inflammation in the context of coronary artery disease.
Background:
Natural killer (NK) cells are the potential modulators of inflammatory reactions that exert several unique biological effects and could lead to future adverse events of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Hypothesis:
The purpose of this study was to find out the possible association of modulation in NK cell, TNK cells, T cells, B cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CAD patients and various forms of myocardial infarction.
Methods:
The present study included total 190 subjects (98 confirmed CAD patients both men and women and 92 healthy control individuals). Serum concentration of TNF-α was measured by ELISA method. For the measurement of various immune cells, viz., NK cell, TNK cells, T cells, and B cells, flow-cytometric analysis was performed.
Results:
A significant reduction by 15% (P < 0.001) in CD16/CD56 NK cells was observed in CAD patients. Moreover, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unstable angina (UA), and combined UA + NSTEMI group also showed a significant decline in NK cells compared with control individuals. CD16/CD56/CD3 TNK cells showed a significant reduction in CAD, NSTEMI, STEMI, and UA categories. However, UA + NSTEMI group did not show any significant change in TNK cells. On the other hand, the level of TNF-α was found to be significantly elevated in CAD, STEMI, and UA groups. NSTEMI and combined UA + NSTEMI group did not show any significant change in TNF-α level.
Conclusion:
Current study provides an insight toward the association of immune cells and inflammation with CAD.