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Increased levels of soluble CD163 in periodontitis patients
Laurent Detzen1,2, Steven C Y Chen1, Bin Cheng3
1Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Aim:
Soluble CD163 (sCD163) has been implicated as a new biomarker in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess CD163 levels systemically and locally in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Methods:
sCD163 levels were measured by ELISA in serum samples from 70 periodontitis and 70 periodontally healthy subjects, and in saliva samples in a subset of the population. Two gingival biopsies were harvested per subject from 20 periodontitis patients: one from a periodontally affected site, the other from a healthy site, and the relative expression of CD163 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR.
Results:
Serum sCD163 was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy subjects (720.0 ± 330.6 ng/ml versus 510.7 ± 219.6 ng/ml, respectively; p < .001). Similarly, sCD163 levels in saliva were significantly increased in periodontitis compared to healthy subjects (3.01 ± 5.07 ng/ml versus 1.98 ± 4.95 ng/ml, respectively; p = .009). Serum and saliva sCD163 levels showed a positive correlation (Kendall's tau .27, p = .018). Importantly, CD163 gene expression was significantly higher in affected sites compared to unaffected sites in periodontitis patients, with a mean fold upregulation of 9.9 (STD: 15.3, p = .010).
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that CD163 may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and its link with systemic conditions.