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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Motion-Induced Position Shifts Activate Early Visual Cortex.

Peter J Kohler¹, Patrick Cavanagh^2,3, Peter U Tse³

¹Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|April 20, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The brain’s early visual cortex, including the primary visual cortex, encodes the perceived position of objects, even when shifted by motion illusions. This percept-based encoding occurs earlier than previously thought, challenging some assumptions about visual processing stages.

Keywords:

functional MRI motion-induced position shifts position perception spatial vision striate and extrastriate cortex

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

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Published on: August 22, 2025

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A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Cognitive Science

Background:

The visual system's ability to determine object position is crucial.
Motion-induced position shifts demonstrate how visual perception can be altered by surrounding motion.
Understanding the neural basis of these shifts is key to understanding visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether early visual processing regions encode perceived object position influenced by motion.
To determine if these regions represent illusory positions rather than veridical retinotopic positions.
To compare neural representations of illusory versus physically shifted objects.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to record brain activity.
Participants viewed stimuli designed to induce strong motion-induced position shifts.
Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) compared activation patterns for illusory and physical position shifts.

Main Results:

Perceived object position, influenced by motion, is encoded in early visual areas, including primary visual cortex.
No evidence of this percept-based position encoding was found in visual areas beyond V3.
Early visual cortex plays a significant role in representing perceived spatial location.

Conclusions:

The earliest stages of visual processing contribute to the encoding of perceived object positions, even under illusory conditions.
This challenges the notion that such percept-based encoding is confined to higher visual areas.
Early visual cortex is critical for representing spatial information influenced by visual context.