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Pharmacological Agents Affecting Emesis : A Review (Part II)
1School of Pharmacology, Victorian College of Pharmacy (Monash University), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Drugs
|April 20, 2017
Summary
This review covers common causes of vomiting, including morning sickness, migraine, motion sickness, and post-operative nausea. Effective antiemetic strategies involve targeting specific receptors like serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Part I reviewed emesis pathophysiology and drug-induced vomiting.
- This article focuses on other prevalent causes of vomiting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common causes of vomiting and their pharmacological treatments.
- To discuss the efficacy of various antiemetics for different conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical studies and pharmacological data.
- Analysis of antiemetic mechanisms for specific conditions.
Main Results:
- Antiemetics for migraine include serotonin 5-HT1 agonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and dopamine D2 antagonists.
- Muscarinic or histamine H1 receptor antagonists are effective for motion sickness.
- Combined therapies may enhance motion sickness control.
- Post-operative vomiting is managed by blocking dopamine D2, histamine H1, or muscarinic receptors.
- Radiation therapy-induced vomiting may respond to dopamine D2 and 5-HT3 receptor blockade.
Conclusions:
- The precise mechanisms for antiemetics in morning sickness and migraine require further elucidation.
- Targeting specific neurotransmitter receptors offers effective management for various vomiting etiologies.
- Combination antiemetic therapies show promise for complex cases.