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Multifunctional Enzymatically Generated Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Application.

Ivaylo Stefanov1, Sílvia Pérez-Rafael1, Javier Hoyo1

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New multifunctional hydrogels effectively treat chronic wounds by controlling harmful enzymes and bacteria. These advanced wound dressings offer significant antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits for improved healing outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Wound Healing Research
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chronic wounds necessitate advanced treatments due to complex multifactorial pathologies.
  • Existing dressings often fail to address key issues like proteolytic enzymes and bacterial load.
  • Development of multifunctional materials is crucial for effective chronic wound management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel multifunctional hydrogels for chronic wound healing.
  • To investigate the enzymatic cross-linking of thiolated chitosan and gallic acid for hydrogel formation.
  • To evaluate the hydrogels' efficacy in controlling wound healing inhibitors and bacterial contamination.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic cross-linking of thiolated chitosan with gallic acid to create hydrogels.
  • In vitro assessment of antioxidant activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and collagenase inhibition.
  • Ex vivo evaluation using venous leg ulcer exudates to test MPO and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibition.
  • In vitro studies on bacterial strain reduction and hydrogel stability (physiological conditions, lysozyme resistance).
  • Biocompatibility testing with human skin fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels demonstrated over 90% antioxidant activity.
  • Up to 98% inhibition of MPO and 23% inhibition of collagenase observed in vitro.
  • Ex vivo studies confirmed inhibition of MPO and MMPs in wound exudates.
  • Significant reduction in bacterial populations commonly found in nonhealing wounds.
  • Hydrogels exhibited stability and resistance to degradation, with high biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatically cross-linked thiolated chitosan and gallic acid hydrogels offer multifunctional wound healing properties.
  • These hydrogels effectively control matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), oxidative stress, and bacterial load.
  • The developed hydrogels show promise as advanced wound dressings for chronic wound management.