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Congenital tuberculosis: case report and review of the literature

Ching-Wen Chang1, Patricia Wanping Wu1, Chih-Hua Yeh1

  • 1a Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.

Paediatrics and International Child Health
|April 20, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is rare but critical to diagnose early. Prompt treatment based on maternal TB history and chest X-rays significantly improves infant outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon but severe condition, even in high-prevalence areas.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in affected neonates.

Observation:

  • A 14-day-old infant presented with fever and respiratory distress.
  • The infant's mother had disseminated TB confirmed by TB-polymerase chain reaction (TB-PCR) and culture.
  • Chest radiography revealed bilateral miliary nodules, a key diagnostic indicator.

Findings:

  • Congenital TB was diagnosed in the infant via TB-PCR and culture from gastric lavage.
  • The diagnosis was supported by the infant's symptoms, maternal TB history, and radiographic findings.
  • The infant received standard anti-TB therapy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering maternal TB history in neonatal respiratory distress.
  • Radiographic miliary patterns are vital clues for diagnosing congenital or neonatal TB.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital TB lead to improved prognosis and outcomes.

Keywords:
Congenital tuberculosisTaiwanmiliary tuberculosis

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