Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

21.0K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.0K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

4.0K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.0K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

19.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
19.3K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

17.5K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
17.5K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

13.6K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
13.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hypoxemic Respiratory Diseases and Their Comorbidities: Molecular Insights and Diagnostic Advances in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Apnea.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Restricting SLC7A5-mediated Leucine uptake in T cells prevents acute GVHD and maintains GVT response.

EMBO molecular medicine·2025
Same author

Neuregulin 4 Downregulation Alters Mitochondrial Morphology and Induces Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

GLUD1 determines murine muscle stem cell fate by controlling mitochondrial glutamate levels.

Developmental cell·2024
Same author

HIF1α-dependent uncoupling of glycolysis suppresses tumor cell proliferation.

Cell reports·2024
Same author

IL-18-induced HIF-1α in ILC3s ameliorates the inflammation of C. rodentium-induced colitis.

Cell reports·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.3K

Age-dependent obesity and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Qilong Oscar Yang Li1, Ines Soro-Arnaiz1,2, Julián Aragonés1,3

  • 1a Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina , Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.

Adipocyte
|April 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Aging causes visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion due to reduced mitochondrial complex IV activity. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) drives this decline, impacting fatty acid oxidation and leading to obesity.

Keywords:
HIF-1aginghypoxiamitochondrial complex IVmitochondrial dysfunctionobesitywhite adipocytes

More Related Videos

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.8K
Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.3K
Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry
06:53

Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase COX/SDH Double-labeling Histochemistry

Published on: November 23, 2011

37.8K
Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:47

Analysis of Brain Mitochondria Using Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 9, 2016

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Metabolism and Aging Research
  • Cellular Biology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Aging is linked to visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in humans and mice.
  • WAT enlargement begins early, suggesting early activation of age-dependent obesity mechanisms.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in age-related metabolic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of age-dependent white adipose tissue expansion.
  • To compare age-dependent obesity with high-fat diet-induced obesity.
  • To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in age-related WAT expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial complex IV activity in aging adipose tissue.
  • Investigation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) regulation of mitochondrial subunits.
  • Comparative analysis of age-dependent and diet-induced obesity models.

Main Results:

  • Age-dependent obesity correlates with decreased mitochondrial complex IV activity.
  • Reduced complex IV activity impairs fatty acid oxidation and causes adipocyte hypertrophy.
  • HIF1α-mediated repression of mitochondrial complex IV subunits contributes to this decline.

Conclusions:

  • Age-dependent WAT expansion involves impaired mitochondrial function.
  • HIF1α plays a key role in suppressing mitochondrial complex IV activity during aging.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may reveal therapeutic targets for age-related obesity.