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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Sergio Cortelazzo¹, Andrés Ferreri², Dieter Hoelzer³

¹Oncology Unit, Humanitas/Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

|April 22, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a rare cancer of immature lymphocytes. Diagnosis relies on immunophenotype, and treatment with intensive chemotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Allogeneic transplant Autologous stem-cell transplant CNS prophylaxis Lymphoblastic lymphoma

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm comprising approximately 2% of all lymphomas.
It originates from immature B-cell or T-cell precursors, with distinct diagnostic criteria differentiating it from mature lymphoid neoplasms.
LBL predominantly affects children and adolescents, with a higher incidence in males.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic criteria for lymphoblastic lymphoma.
To describe the current therapeutic strategies and prognostic factors for LBL.
To highlight future directions in LBL treatment.

Main Methods:

Histological examination for initial assessment.
Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry for definitive diagnosis.
Bone marrow biopsy to assess disease extent and differentiate from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Main Results:

Immunophenotype characterization is crucial for accurate LBL diagnosis.
Bone marrow involvement less than 25% (or 20% by WHO criteria) distinguishes LBL from ALL.
Intensive chemotherapy regimens, including intrathecal prophylaxis and mediastinal irradiation, have markedly improved LBL prognosis.

Conclusions:

Lymphoblastic lymphoma requires precise immunophenotypic characterization for diagnosis.
Current treatment protocols based on ALL-type chemotherapy have significantly enhanced survival rates.
Risk stratification using PET scans and MRD analysis guides decisions for intensified therapy, including stem cell transplantation, with novel agents offering future therapeutic promise.