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Physiological Functions of the Cellular Prion Protein
Andrew R Castle1, Andrew C Gill1
1Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|April 22, 2017
Summary
The prion protein (PrPC) is vital in prion diseases. Recent research suggests its key roles include myelin maintenance and cellular differentiation, challenging older theories on its function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Prion protein (PrPC) is central to prion diseases.
- PrPC misfolding drives disease progression.
- Understanding normal PrPC function is crucial for neurodegenerative disease research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biochemistry of PrPC.
- To explore proposed physiological functions of PrPC.
- To detail molecular mechanisms underlying PrPC functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PrPC biochemistry and function.
- Analysis of recent studies challenging established PrPC roles.
- Synthesis of evidence supporting current PrPC functions.
Main Results:
- Established links between PrPC and stress-protection, copper homeostasis, and neuronal excitability are questioned.
- Strong evidence supports PrPC in myelin maintenance and cellular differentiation (proliferation, adhesion, morphology).
- Emerging roles for PrPC in circadian rhythm, glucose homeostasis, immune function, and iron uptake require further study.
Conclusions:
- PrPC functions are more complex than previously thought.
- Myelin maintenance and cellular differentiation are key supported roles.
- Further research is needed to elucidate PrPC's involvement in metabolic and immune processes.