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Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
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In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
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Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
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Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
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Slow creep in soft granular packings.

Ishan Srivastava1, Timothy S Fisher

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Soft granular materials exhibit transient creep, with strain and time scaling with jamming pressure. Microscopic analysis reveals correlations between material flow (rheology) and particle motion (nonaffine fluctuations).

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Granular materials science
  • Computational physics

Background:

  • Transient creep is a key phenomenon in soft granular materials.
  • Understanding the relationship between macroscopic behavior and microscopic dynamics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate transient creep mechanisms in soft granular packings.
  • To explore the relationship between rheology and nonaffine fluctuations at a microscopic level.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations using constant pressure and constant stress methods.
  • Numerical analysis of creep strain and time.
  • Microscopic analysis of localized strain and nonaffine fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Logarithmic creep phenomenon predicts rapid compression followed by slow dilation.
  • Creep strain and time show power-law dependence on jamming pressure, diverging at the jamming point.
  • Localized regions of large strain develop during creep, correlating with rheology and nonaffine velocity.

Conclusions:

  • Transient creep in soft granular packings is governed by jamming pressure.
  • A microscale connection exists between local rheology and nonaffine fluctuations, demonstrated by linear scaling.
  • The study provides insights into the fundamental mechanics of granular materials.