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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Anaphase A and B01:39

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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
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Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
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Arf GAPs and molecular motors.

Ruibai Luo1, Christine E Reed2, Jeffrey A Sload2

  • 1a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.

Small Gtpases
|April 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) regulate cell movement by interacting with molecular motors. This interaction influences actin and microtubule dynamics, impacting cell migration and other cellular functions.

Keywords:
ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteinADP-ribosylation factorsAGAP1ASAP1ArfArf GAPKif2ANM2Akinesin-13nonmuscle myosin 2A

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) are a large protein family regulating ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs).
  • Arf GAPs possess complex domain structures and are linked to cell migration and pathologies like tumor metastasis.
  • The specific functions of Arfs can be modulated by distinct Arf GAPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential roles of Arf GAPs beyond Arf regulation.
  • To explore the interaction of Arf GAPs with molecular motor proteins.
  • To understand the impact of Arf GAP-motor protein interactions on cellular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated direct binding of Arf GAPs (ASAP1, AGAP1) to motor proteins.
  • Analyzed the influence of Arf GAPs on myosin and kinesin activity.
  • Examined the role of Arf GAP-motor protein interactions in cytoskeletal dynamics.

Main Results:

  • ASAP1 and AGAP1 directly bind to and influence the activity of myosins and kinesins.
  • Arf GAP-motor protein interactions are crucial for actin cytoskeleton and microtubule-based cellular behaviors.
  • These interactions are critical for cell migration and other cell movements.

Conclusions:

  • Arf GAPs may regulate cellular activities independently of or in conjunction with Arfs.
  • Arf GAPs interact with molecular motors (myosins, kinesins) to influence cytoskeletal organization.
  • Arfs, via Arf GAPs, may coordinate microtubule and actin remodeling for cellular functions.