Tactile Flow Overrides Other Cues To Self Motion

Vestibular-somatosensory interactions are pervasive in the brain but it remains unclear why. Here we explore the contribution of tactile flow to processing self-motion. We assessed two aspects of self-motion: timing and speed. Participants sat on an oscillating swing and either kept their hands on their laps or rested them lightly on an earth-stationary surface. They viewed a grating oscillating at the same frequency as their motion and judged its phase or, in a separate experiment, its speed relative to their perceived motion. Participants required the phase to precede body movement (with or without tactile flow) or tactile flow by ~5° (44 ms) to appear earth-stationary. Speed judgments were 4-10% faster when motion was from tactile flow, either alone or with body motion, compared to body motion alone (where speed judgments were accurate). By comparing response variances we conclude that phase and speed judgments do not reflect optimal integration of tactile flow with other cues to body motion: instead tactile flow dominates perceived self-motion - acting as an emergency override. This may explain why even minimal tactile cues are so helpful in promoting stability and suggests that providing artificial tactile cues might be a powerful aid to perceiving self-motion.