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Managing anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp.: A modelling exercise.

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Intensive monthly deworming of foals leads to widespread anthelmintic resistance. Strategic, reduced treatment schedules, especially in young foals, are more sustainable for controlling Parascaris spp. and preserving drug efficacy.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Animal Health
  • Drug Resistance

Background:

  • Parascaris spp. infections are common in foals, necessitating anthelmintic treatments.
  • The development of anthelmintic resistance poses a significant threat to effective parasite control.
  • Current treatment strategies require evaluation for their long-term sustainability and impact on resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the dynamics of Parascaris spp. infection and anthelmintic resistance.
  • To assess the sustainability of different foal deworming strategies.
  • To investigate the impact of treatment timing and drug type on resistance development.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model simulating parasitic stages, host-free eggs, and anthelmintic resistance genetics was developed.
  • The model was used to simulate various deworming scenarios, including monthly treatments, strategic timing, and combination therapies.
  • Simulations evaluated the impact of larvicidal versus intestinal worm treatments on resistance selection.

Main Results:

  • Monthly deworming of foals for the first year resulted in resistance to all tested anthelmintics.
  • Treatment timing influenced resistance; treatments at 3-4 months were more selective than others.
  • Larvicidal treatments (e.g., ivermectin) were more selective for resistance than intestinal treatments.
  • Restricting treatments to two (at 2 and 5 months) slowed resistance development.
  • Combination anthelmintics under reduced schedules with refugia aided in delaying resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Intensive, frequent anthelmintic treatments are unsustainable due to rapid resistance development.
  • Strategic deworming, focusing on young foals and utilizing refugia, is crucial for sustainable parasite control.
  • Further research should prioritize evaluating combination therapies and optimizing treatment intervals to combat anthelmintic resistance in Parascaris spp.